When/where did the requiem Mass change?
  • AnimaVocis
    Posts: 235
    Honestly, where in any documents did the change of focus of the Requiem Mass change from praying for the departed soul to God, to all this expectation of heaven and canonization of the departed?

    Has the church formally changed her focus for the funeral Mass or is this a colloquially effected thing that has happened?
  • novusgordo
    Posts: 40
    IMO it's mostly colloquially-affected.

    Yes, the Missa pro defunctis saw massive changes in the 1970 Missal:
    • the singing of Alleluias, etc. based on the season;
    • the suppression of the Sequence, which is now used in the Office for the last weeks of ordinary time;
    • the greater variation of propers and of vestments permitted
    But both the actual texts and the actual rubrics emphasize hope rooted in Christ's sacrifice, not the "all dogs go to heaven" mentality so prevalent in modern Christian culture.

    IMO the bigger issue is not one specific to the funeral liturgy, but rather a general weakening of the Church's penitential discipline. To be fair, this was in response to a penitential culture than in many cases had become toxic, more about ticking off boxes than growing in holiness and virtue — but as is so often the case, the reformers let themselves swing on the devil's pendulum and massively over-corrected, and far too little has been done to remedy matters since.
  • Requiem Masses are still for the repose of the soul with the exception of infants (those under the age of reason). I am unsure if it is so with those who have disabilities that make them mentally below the age of reason and are thus not capable of committing actual sin. I was fairly certain the Church also included them as infants when deciding which Mass to say, but this became confusing when my Diocese posted a RIP on social media for an 11 year old autistic boy whose intellect was below that of a 5 year old. We don’t pray for the repose of the soul of baptized infants because they’re assumed to be in Heaven.
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  • rich_enough
    Posts: 1,113
    Vatican II (Sacrosanctum Concilium, 81) said that "The rite for the burial of the dead should express more clearly the paschal character of Christian death, and should correspond more closely to the circumstances and traditions found in various regions. This holds good also for the liturgical color to be used."

    Here's Archbishop Bugnini's own commentary the changes to the funeral rite:
    "The Introduction [to the new rite] emphasizes the point that a Christian funeral is a celebration of the paschal mystery of Christ as accomplished in his faithful followers. The need to bring this out was one of the main concerns guiding the reformers.

    "To this end they drew from the treasury of euchological tradition texts that would best express this aspect of funerals. At the same time, they got rid of texts that smacked of a negative spirituality inherited from the Middle Ages. Thus they removed such familiar and even beloved texts as the Libera me, Domine, the Dies irae, and others that overemphasized judgment, fear, and despair. These they replaced with texts urging Christian hope and giving more effective expression to faith in the resurrection.

    "These changes explain the closer and more organic connection between the funeral and the Eucharistic celebration in the new rite, the restoration of the Alleluia, and the abandonment of the color black for another, which, in the judgment of episcopal conferences, will inspire a calmer approach to sorrow and suggest a hope that is illuminated by the paschal mystery" (Bugnini, The Reform of the Liturgy, pp. 773-74).
  • Richard MixRichard Mix
    Posts: 3,008
    At a funeral last month I was feeling a tiny bit sheepish about being dressed in a dark weekday shirt while the congregation joined us in a rousing "Alleluia". Before reading the Gospel however, our white-robed presider asked everyone to sit first while he sang "Absolve", covering all the bases.
  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 3,741
    The NO doesn’t allow the tract outside of Lent. Also, the propers belonging to the priest, that this, the orations, have been completely revised such that much like those of other Masses, sin, death, and our eternal fate are obscured.


    But both the actual texts and the actual rubrics emphasize hope rooted in Christ's sacrifice, not the "all dogs go to heaven" mentality so prevalent in modern Christian culture.


    So with respect to my comment: except for that Mrs. Lincoln, how was the play?

    The office of the dead does maintain some traditional texts, but many others are suppressed, and the Libera me is gone from the funeral. Also, the absolution at the catafalque is suppressed, and they got hives about calling it an absolution even at funerals. Sigh.
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  • I am willing to be corrected, and I know this has been discussed in other places, but I have yet to be convinced that the Dies Irae is suppressed for the novus ordo. There are no positive acts of suppression, and the lack of the sequence in current liturgical books is not sufficient to say it is banned. All of the traditional propers including the libera me can be used with the current missal, as long as the sequence is in the N.O. spot before the alleluia, using alius captus option where relevant for the gradual.
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  • davido
    Posts: 1,234
    Liam is of course correct. With the liberality of a tradition friendly priest, it could be as he says.
  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 3,741
    lol, yes it is. Omission is suppression in this case. The Sequence is not mentioned, neither in the lectionary, nor in the Graduale Romanum, nor in the Ordo Cantus Missæ. The whole reason for incorporating the Dies Iræ ad libitum in the office was to keep it around in some way; Cardinal Bartolucci was always surprised when asked to sing the Sequence at funerals in Rome, as other cardinals did not understand the depth of the changes.

    Of course, you can do whatever you want, and I don't care if you do the real Libera Me, but I do think that there's an integrity in doing the rubrics as they're written, especially if you only do, in your current situation the NO*: it's one thing to decide that Bugnini's various replies saying to do anything but the old way aren't especially binding because Notitiæ isn't that authoritiative, but it's just goofy to say that the Sequence isn't suppressed. This responsory is not one of the ones given in the Solesmes gradual and in the OCM for the final commendation. Should it be? Yes, but that's not the question.

    The Dies Iræ with the Alleluia is also an abomination: the whole point is that ends on the "Amen" and is not followed by "Alleluia" like the other sequences (whether or not you actually do them the way that they were always done, hence the dang name, or per the rubrics).

    @chonak translated the Prætonanda to the OCM a few years ago. I don't see a general permission to use any old proper, even if I don't really care. Shoot, we use the TLM propers regardless, but we do 1, maybe 2 NO sung Masses a year, and I really hope that I never have to do them again as soon as that's allowed again — I do think that this is unique, and I don't recommend it!
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  • Agree to disagree. The Dies Irae is a towering part of our western liturgical heritage. There is no document that says to stop doing it; that should carry more weight than the misbegotten intentions of Bugnini et al, who, for whatever reason, forgot to explicitly say to stop doing it. Those of us who are actively trying to preserve the penitential character of the Requiem, for which AnimaVocis pines, should have no qualms about exploiting the optionality of the books to do so. The traditional option is to do the traditional text, not the so-called first option given.

    As far as the Libera Me goes, the books explicitly state "or another song" can be sung for the Final Commendation. This is not grasping at straws. Singing the responsory which has been sung at roughly this point in the liturgy for hundreds of years is likely the most appropriate "or-another-song" that could possibly be sung.

    Agree that singing the alleluia with the Dies Irae is weird, but not as weird as dropping the sequence all together.

    Those of us that believe in a hermeneutic of continuity need to fight for our liturgical inheritance
  • novusgordo
    Posts: 40
    Quoth @liampmcdonough:
    The Dies Irae is a towering part of our western liturgical heritage. There is no document that says to stop doing it; that should carry more weight than the misbegotten intentions of Bugnini et al, who, for whatever reason, forgot to explicitly say to stop doing it.
    The propers in the liturgical books don't work that way though. The occasions on which sequences are to be sung are clearly indicated in the Missal; since no sequence is given for the Mass for the Dead, either in the Missal itself or in Ordo cantus Missæ, a sequence may not licitly be sung. The fact that there was a sequence in the usus antiquior doesn't change that fact.

    (Obviously, that doesn't apply to the final commendation, where the rubrics explicitly allow the freedom to use other suitable chants. +Bugnini's comments in Notitiæ would seem to preclude the Libera me, but as @MatthewRoth pointed out, those comments have little to no real weight of authority behind them.)
  • rich_enough
    Posts: 1,113
    the change of focus of the Requiem Mass change from praying for the departed soul to God, to all this expectation of heaven and canonization of the departed?

    As far as changes in the liturgy itself goes there are a few which spring to mind:

    * Readings can be chosen that suggest or can be interpreted to say that the deceased is already in heaven. In particular, a very popular reading (Wisdom 3:1-9) begins: "The souls of the just are in the hand of God and no torment shall touch them." The gospel of the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:1-12) suggests that the deceased was holy and worthy of heaven; as it does when read on the feast of All Saints. (The reading from Wisdom was also traditionally read on feasts of the saints, not at a Requiem.)

    * The proper chants pray for the deceased, but as these are optional other chants and songs can be chosen that never mention prayer for the dead. Other prayers for the dead were changed or omitted: the Agnus Dei was changed from " . . . grant them rest . . grant them eternal rest" to the usual ". . . have mercy on us . . grant us peace," and the final the "Requiescant in pace" was omitted.

    * The prayers of final commendation ("Before we go out separate ways . . ") seems to speak of the future meeting in heaven with the deceased as a certainty - "One day we shall joyfully greet him/her again . . . "

    * If a eulogy is done (and it is officially allowed in the rubrics), it is rarely put in terms of praying for the deceased.

    So a Mass for the Dead (new rite) can be (and often is) said with very little emphasis on praying for the dead. Part of this may be because of customs quite foreign to the traditional understanding of the Requiem liturgy (it's a "Celebration of Life!"), but it's also on account of the official changes and options.
  • davido
    Posts: 1,234
    I think there is a case to be made that sequences not found in the Graduale can be included in the Mass.
    The Roman Church never had much time for sequences, but why does that mean the whole rest of the Catholic world has to be in such a hurry to get out of church?
    The historic sequences are never heretical (nor are the Kyrie tropes).
    The Roman Church preserves the model in the current liturgical books, so the sequence per se is not condemned. (Note that Kyrie tropes are also back in)
    With all the fluff that is added to Masses (children’s liturgy of the word songs, etc) why can’t the weight of tradition be on the side of singing a sequence?
  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 3,741
    well: I think that there's a bit of a 50-50 on whether another suitable chant covers a proper that the reformers and even Solesmes seemed to suppress. I don't care, but maybe someone else does.

    Kyrie tropes per se are not back in. You can't just do anything with form C!

    in fact, we got the Justorum animæ at the offertory today in the traditional Mass…it's hardly fit for a funeral.
  • dad29
    Posts: 2,244
    using alius captus option


    You hit the jackpot here, as this is exactly what the Rev. Dr. Robert Skeris (RIP) suggested in order to use the Dies Irae during the Mass for the Dead. (But I think it's "alius aptus"...other appropriate.......
  • I think it would be impermissible to add it as a sequence between the gradual/responsory and alleluia, since the rubrics are clear about when sequences may or must be done, but alius cantus aptus clearly allows for its use elsewhere in the mass.
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