Why no hymns at Pope Francis' funeral?
  • JMoellman
    Posts: 31
    A little chuckle from this morning's news feed...CNN version:

    Why no hymns at Pope Francis' funeral?
  • Kathy
    Posts: 5,507
    Are troparia considered hymns?

    In Paradisum is a hymn.

    If the Dies irae had been used, sequences are a type of hymn.
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  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,720
    In Paradisum is not a hymn. It’s not an antiphon either, not in the strict sense since it has no psalmody, but it’s not a hymn. We tend to call these chants antiphons anyway, and in compositional terms, they approach the office and other antiphons with psalmody the most.

    And sequences are closer to a hymn, but the Dies Irae is emphatically not one. Noticeably, the music is all over the place, whereas some of the sequences are regular ABCD etc. But there is only one hymn in the Mass of the Roman rite, the Benedictus es of Ember Saturday in Advent. Now, it is not like any other hymns, since the Vulgate does not force Latin poetic conventions upon the Old Testament, which does not have fixed meter or rhyme. It is something approaching prose, save for the coupling of themes both in the modern verse divisions (1-2, 3-4 etc.) and in the liturgical division, before and after the asterisk (sometimes: this is not always the case, because sometimes the first part is not a complete thought and is completed, not complemented, by the next part).

    To go back to the Dies Irae as not a hymn: I advocate for alternatim when we sing sequences. Sometimes, it’s cantors-schola, cantors-all. Others do men-women. This includes the Dies Irae. However, Dom Lentini stuck it in the office to preserve it, even if not in an obligatory way, which causes problems, because it is unlike any other hymns of the office, as the melody changes between verses. Yes, they repeat, but then at the very end, it’s unique. Regularity of rhyme, meter (to the extent that this is possible: not even the Jesuits of the seventeenth century cared as much as we might care, cf. Tristes erant Apostoli), and therefore of music make a hymn, at least in the Gregorian and modern senses. I like “I am the Bread of Life” a lot, actually, especially the Proulx arrangement, but it’s not truly a hymn since the verses can be essentially free-wheeled.
  • tomjaw
    Posts: 2,846
    From Hymns of the Roman Liturgy, J. Connelly.
    2. Hymns And Doxologies
    St Augustine describes a hymn as the praise of God in song. 'Hymnus scitis quid est? Cantus est cum laude Dei. Si laudas Deum, et non cantas, non dicis hymnum. Si cantas, et non laudas Deum, non dicis hymnum. Si laudas aliud quod non pertinet ad laudem Dei, etsi cantando laudes, non dicis hymnum. Hymnus ergo tria habet, et cantum, et laudem et Dei. Laus ergo Dei in cantico, hymnus dicitur' (In Ps. 148, 17). St Ambrose wrote his hymns to be sung, and so have most hymn-writers since. To read a hymn is like reading a libretto; the composer is not justified and the reader is not satisfied. Un- fortunately the regular choral celebration of the Office, through many different cir- cumstances, became the exception and private recitation became the rule so that now the Breviary hymns are mostly read and seldom sung. This change of custom coupled with a pseudo-classicism led people to forget the claims of music, and revisers and poets of recent centuries do not seem to have considered this essential element of song. The results have been most unhappy, and some of them are noted in the course of this book.
    The Psalms are rightly called hymns, for they are the praise of God in song; but the name 'hymn' is now usually restricted to works of human composition. The Gloria in excelsis and other such compositions are also rightly called hymns...
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  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,720
    Yeah, but it is telling that no one actually calls the Gloria a hymn. And then why do we have hymns, psalms, and spiritual canticles?
  • Kathy
    Posts: 5,507
    Matthew, I'm arguing with CNN, not with you. Their definition of hymn is too narrow.
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  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,720
    ?

    I don’t think that it matters. Your way of looking at the Gregorian repertoire does not strike me as correct even if CNN is too narrow.
  • Kathy
    Posts: 5,507
    Ok, we can argue, if you'd like.

    Can you find anyone to back up your emphatic negatives? Starting with sequences?
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  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,720
    I mean I’m not arguing, you’re characterizing this rather bizarrely. I’m disagreeing, but I don’t think that’s an argument or something to try to call me off from doing; forums do not work like that.

    I mean, I already explained my reasoning. But if you insist, this is the fruit of everything that I’ve ever heard or read from Dr. Mahrt for example, and since I actually sing this stuff on a regular basis, I feel like that gives some weight to what I’m saying.

    Whereas you just said that X are hymns, without support, and I gave my reasons for disagreeing with this characterization. I’m going on cup number 4 of coffee, so I don’t think that’s it’s a lack of sleep or energy keeping me from understanding why this has taken such an odd turn.
  • davido
    Posts: 1,043
    There are two definitions of the word hymn. In the general sense, it is any sacred song, i.e. a hymn of praise to God. This covers almost any sung Christian prayer, including all more particular genres.

    In the specific sense, it usually means a strophic hymn, referring either to a poem with a defined metric structure (often but not always rhyming), or to the music composed for singing such a poem.

    The article on “hymn” in the Catholic Encyclopedia can be very informative.
  • chonakchonak
    Posts: 8,993
    It's nice that CNN responded to the question.

    We know that metrical hymns are a standard element in the Office (which is about the sanctification of time), but they are not historically a native element in the text of the Mass (an encounter with the time-transcending Paschal mystery). This distinction is something unfamiliar to most of us English-speakers, who hear metrical hymns added to Mass often, and don't think of anything non-metrical as qualifying as a hymn.

    On the other hand, in some countries, the songs added to Mass are often not metrical, but have the structure of an antiphon with verses.

    The Graduale (1961) describes "In paradisum" as an antiphon, and the Gloria is termed as a "hymn" in the "ritus servandis" of the old Missale.

    But of course nobody sang the Gloria at the funeral today!
  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,720
    Well, the Gloria and Te Deum are also odd, in that they also aren’t what we come to call cantici. Puer natus in Bethlehem, O Filii et Filiae, etc. are examples of that in the Solesmes editions. So I would agree, we call the first (and maybe also the Te Deum) a hymn at least in Latin texts, but you can also get away with avoiding it by just saying to sing one or the other as required (or not, as the case may be).

    I would put meter over rhyme too, because while it’s not so hard to make it work in Latin or in English, French has a problem with this (and there’s a somewhat soft distinction between hymne and cantique).
  • Kathy
    Posts: 5,507
    Sequences are absolutely hymns.

    According to St Augustine, St Ambrose's hymns were sung antiphonally, so antiphonal singing isn't an argument.
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  • a_f_hawkins
    Posts: 3,529
    The current 2008 Missal rubrics describe the Gloria as 'this hymn', and my 1920 hand missal similarly " ... moves to the centre of the altar and recites the Hymn Gloria ..."
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  • tomjaw
    Posts: 2,846
    Those that regularly use the Analecta Hymnica, would have a different idea of what a hymn is. J. Connelly writes about the different types briefly in his book.

    The Angelic Hymn, the Prose Hymn and the Sequence Hymn, are all hymns but very different to the Hymns found in the Roman Office. The Greeks also have Hymns but not as we know them.
  • Here's a routine reminder: Be patient about legitimate differences in personal taste.
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,250
    If there were no hymns, was there a hearse?
  • Kathy
    Posts: 5,507
    MatthewRoth, I owe you an apology for getting hot under the collar.

    Obviously I have a vested interest in hymns getting as much respect as possible. So that's part of my heat.

    And I was up very early this am.

    The other part is a genuine concern for the ROTR. I understand why, especially in the historical context of the late 19s and early 20s, it seemed like hymns and propers were enemies. I've heard that rhetorical message among those I count as friends for decades. And I get why. Hymns took over the Mass in this very odd way.

    But they're actually both great.

    Edit: I'm genuinely sorry for being testy.I was wrong.
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  • kevinfkevinf
    Posts: 1,204
    Please, I love propers and hymns. Its about balance.
  • AnimaVocis
    Posts: 173
    As a convert from (High Church) Lutheranism, I love hymns, but I was very glad to see a proper Roman Liturgy without the liberty of hymns being taken.

    While there are hymns that I adore and would miss at Mass, I would be perfectly happy if we only had the Propers. Perhaps I'm just the black sheep of the lot....
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  • Here's a routine reminder: Be patient about legitimate differences in personal taste.
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 12,005
    They didn't even sing "In the Garden: or "On Eagle's Wings."
    What kind of Catholic funeral was this supposed to be?
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  • davido
    Posts: 1,043
    “And I will rai-ais you UP!”
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  • Diapason84
    Posts: 107
    or "On Eagle's Wings."
    What kind of Catholic funeral was this supposed to be?


    A Catholic funeral is incomplete without a "hymn" that begins with a tritone.
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 12,005
    Good thing they didn't sing "Father, We Thank Thee Who Hast Planted..."
  • SponsaChristi
    Posts: 487
    They didn't even sing "In the Garden: or "On Eagle's Wings."

    Even Pavarotti got On Eagle’s Wings at his funeral!
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFZJnVnWiVQ&t=4143s
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  • francis
    Posts: 10,987
    Go drink a YooHoo in memory of the pope and let it be done at that!
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  • CharlesW
    Posts: 12,005
    One of our church ladies always called it the YooHoo song. :-)