The evidence for instruments in the medieval church outside the organ is unclear. There are churches from the 13th c with murals of angels playing a wide variety of instruments, but no documents that clearly tell us if these were played in church or simply a reflection of Psalm 150.
Nothing wrong with 100-year-old work. I've just found a lot of errors in various articles, which causes me to use this source only as a comparison tool.
I seem to recall that our dear Prof. Mahrt has written on this subject. Very loose details pop around in my brain, about an organ being given to Charlemagne as a present from a Byzantine empower. What I don't remember is whether this gift was used in the sacred liturgy... but I think it may have been.
I realize my minimal recollection is pretty useless here, but hope that Prof. Mahrt will comment. It is a question of mine, too, Greg.
There's a very detailed article "The Organ in the Medieval Liturgical Service"
Author: Edmund A Bowles
Revue belge de Musicologie Vol 16 No 1/4 (1962) pp. 13-29
http://www.jstor.org/pss/3686069 Not sure how to gain access to it if you are not a student like myself
Anyway, here is an excerpt from pg 15:
"The organ gained admission gradually church by church, its use restricted to high feast-days and to certain mass texts. Around 1100 Abbot Gerbert of Bobbio gave an organ to the cloister of Aurillac for its liturgical observances. In 1018 the Cathedral of Halberstadt had an organ, according to Praetorius...In 1092 the monastery of La Cava at Salerno resounded to a new organ "in summa festivale." Already Presbyter Theophilus had written that practice had established the use of organ in the liturgy. Honorious of Autun was quite specific in mentioning the organ alone as the instrument used to prase God."
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