Feast of the Baptism of the Lord in the Church’s calendar in the US
  • CatholicZ09
    Posts: 296
    I always find it odd that in years when Christmas Day falls on a Sunday or Monday (as it did in 2022 and 2023, respectively), the Church in the U.S. doesn’t celebrate the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord on the Sunday following the Epiphany but rather just celebrates it on the Monday immediately following the Epiphany. 2025 is the first year in three years the Church in the U.S. celebrates the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord on a Sunday. The Christmas season is already short, but we make it so much shorter in years where Christmas Day falls on a Sunday or Monday. It’s just odd to me.

    We could rectify this by making Epiphany a holy day of obligation on January 6 instead of transferring it to the nearest Sunday, but that’ll probably never happen.
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    The logic is not to have the Church in nations (it's hardly just the USA) that transfer Epiphany be off-calendar from the rest of the Church for 6 days rather than 1 day. While the Theophany is has long been among the most major observances on the calendars of the Eastern Churches, the Baptism of the Lord as such is a relatively recent addition to the Western calendar.*

    If we made Epiphany a HDoO in the USA, it would make for a a more logical calendar, but would effectively mean vastly fewer people observing the feast by attendance at Mass, esp. if the Jan 1st and Dec 8th HDoOs were retained as such. The USA is not a place where there has been widespread civic celebration of the day, though for Hispanic American Catholics, there has been a residue of observance from the nations whence they came.

    Christmastide in the Western tradition has never been quite logical. (For example, the Octave of Christmas ranked lower than the Octaves of Easter and Pentecost in order to permit the many proper commemorations that fall on the second, third, fourth days of the Christmas Octave, and then others that arose later.)

    * The Eastern tradition liturgically commemorates the adoration by the Magi on the feast of the Nativity itself, unlike the Western tradition (which only did so in an oblique way via the proper Last Gospel of Christmas Mass During The Day). The Theophany in the Eastern tradition is a Trinitarian feast, as is Pentecost in that tradition. While the Baptism of The Lord was effectively commemorated via the propers of the Octave Day of The Epiphany, the more express commemoration is relatively recent.




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  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,434
    The office is where the baptism stuff really comes out.

    As to the transfer, I would hope that someone eventually realizes that while we should all attend the Mass of the Epiphany, there are many undesirable consequences for moving it if we suppress the obligation for January 6. I could even, perhaps, get behind solemnizing it on Sunday at the Masses only while keeping the feast and octave intact, as was the case in France after the Caprara indult of 1802, in effect until the 1980s (in practice, the holy days are exactly the same but now for Epiphany the feast is transferred per the new canons and the rubrics of the NO). Oddly they also transferred the octave of Corpus Christi which has some knock-on effects as the feast of the Sacred Heart could be solemnized by law on that following Sunday, when the transferred octave was supposed to end. And they did not apparently do Holy Family in France. (Many do now, because the trad communities don’t follow the Caprara indult, although Saint-Eugène-Sainte-Cécile in Paris does)
  • Jeffrey Quick
    Posts: 2,103
    Just a note: the Amish close up shop on January 6. And Catholics can't be bothered to go to Mass?
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  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    Catholics are not Amish and do not live in a segregated society. Epiphany has not been a HDoO in the USA since 1885.
  • In my opinion we need to make the Christmas season end with the Feast of the Presentation on February 2nd again. To do this we need to add 1-2 weeks of extra Sundays in Christmas. One of the these extra Sundays should come from making the Wedding at Cana an ABC Feast to keep all three of the original Epiphanies in the Christmas season.

    This will make winter Ordinary Time quite short, to the point of it being a little odd to call it Ordinary Time. We should then rename it something new and edgy, like, maybe, Septuagesima.
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  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,434
    The problem is that that feast is a part of the Sanctorale, whereas everything else is in the Temporale. The point is taken, but nevertheless, the II Sunday after the Epiphany where that Gospel would be read traditionally is a Sunday of the year like any other.
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  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    Making Christmastide *longer* is a solution in search of a problem. (As it is, the parochial celebration of Eastertide as a festive season other than via liturgical propers is a challenge to sustain. Heck, keeping Christmas *Day* preeminent in Catholic parish liturgies as opposed to Christmas Eve is merely the first problem in Christmastide properly speaking.) Americans start tossing their Christmas trees to the curb on the second day of the Octave, streaming radio/TV music stations drop "holiday music" like a hot potato on that very day; America quickly moves on to Bowls/Playoffs/Super Bowl Season, their real January cultural season.

    There was a *cultural* season between Christmastide and Lent in Catholic lands (not Gesimatide, which was only liturgical): the many modes of Carnival - which among other things usually featured the brightest illuminations of homes in the eras before gas and electric lighting. Other than in certain mobbed tourist destinations, Carnival is a small residue of its former self, as it were.

    (There is, of course, an antipode to this, an American media place that keeps the *civic* celebration of Christmasy-tide alive 12 months of the year: Hallmark-like cable channels, offering that celebration year-round.)
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  • Making Christmastide *longer* is a solution in search of a problem.


    I've been told many times that Christmas traditionally lasts up until Candlemass. Is that fake news? I don't understand what it's currently doing in the middle of Ordinary Time. It feels to me like we currently have this one feast where we sorta kinda go back into the Christmas season, and to me that feels weird.

    The problem is that that feast is a part of the Sanctorale, whereas everything else is in the Temporale. The point is taken, but nevertheless, the II Sunday after the Epiphany where that Gospel would be read traditionally is a Sunday of the year like any other.


    How did this problem arise? My understanding is that historically, there are three celebrations of Epiphany:
    1. The Magi, revealing Jesus to the Gentiles
    2. The Baptism of the Lord, revealing the Divinity of Jesus as well as the Trinity
    3. The Wedding at Cana, Jesus’s first miracle

    And this is why Baptism of the Lord is in the Christmas Season, or so I've been told. Somehow the 3rd Epiphany has been chopped off the Christmas season. How did this occur?
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  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    1. Fake news for the most part in liturgical terms, except for the use of the Marian antiphon Alma Redemptoris Mater. Candlemas is 40 days after Christmas because it follows the pattern of the Jewish purification ritual; that said, it often occurred well within pre-Lent (Gesimatide).

    2. The commemoration of Wedding at Cana might be referred to in hymnody within Epiphanytide, but it was never part of Christmastide properly speaking.

    Christmastide has never been logical, neat, and tidy this way. That may bother people who desire or expect things to be logical, neat and tidy, but it doesn't change it.
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  • This article claims that the Third Epiphany used to be part of Epiphanytide and that this got messed up in the liturgical reform:
    https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2021/01/06/epiphanytide-and-the-three-epiphanies/

    Was Epiphanytide historically separate from the Christmas season?
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    Yes, it was separate, not part of Christmastide - it could extend into mid-February, past Candlemas (the latest date for Septuagesima was 22 Feb; the earliest, 18 Jan). It was Sundays after Epiphany, a way of ordinally numbering green Sundays/weeks, just as Sundays after Pentecost (Trinity in the Anglican calendar) was, and those were not part of Eastertide.
  • 1. Fake news for the most part in liturgical terms,


    Anyone know where this popular belief arose from then? Surely other people on here have also encountered people who believe this?
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    Misunderstanding. Not sure how "popular" it is/was concerning the liturgical calendar*: it's nothing I've encountered on the ground.

    * In terms of cultural practices, I am quite aware of the blurring of Christmastide into Carnival as a general period of festivity before Lenten abstinence and fasting, especially in Catholic Germanic lands. It has no parallel in the liturgical calendar - considering that pre-Lent could begin as early as the 5th day after the octave day of Epiphany, it was not feasible liturgically.
  • Certainly the fact that Alma Redemptoris is used counts as, at the least, a liturgical nod to such a practice?
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  • smt
    Posts: 71
    I need to re-read something, but if remember correctly it's not that easy. Does anybody has easy access to a calendar & rubrics (e.g. a Liber Usualis) from the beginning of the 20th century? At least there is a long popular tradition of celebrating Christmastide until Candlemas, going back at least to the middle ages. There is the Ambrosian Rite which officially has Christmas season from 11th Nov to 2nd Feb, sticking to the number of 40 days before and after the feast. The Alma Redemptoris is a hint. I also like to surprise people by telling them that even in the old rite Christmastide does not last until 2/2, but I think its not a black/white thing.
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    I had mentioned the ARM* in my third remark in this thread, after the pivot to the length of Christmastide, but it's a tenuous liturgical reed at best in this regard, overwhelmed by other liturgical details. Candlemas is a sanctoral observance with ties to Christmastide - like the Annunciation - but that does not a proper liturgical season make. In terms of popular practice, the period between Christmas and Shrove Tuesday was a general period of festivity (well, unless the staple crops of the preceding harvest had failed...).

    * Which was not even composed until the 11th century.
  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,434
    I for one am stunned that Liam took on this burden because I too labored under this misunderstanding. I leave the crèche but don’t necessarily make an effort to leave trees up at home (ours are artificial so it’s a matter of will). The church decorations can come down after the 13th, the crèche aside imho.
  • fcbfcb
    Posts: 340
    It at least used to be the case that the Creche outside St. Peter's at the Vatican stayed up until February 2.

    We shouldn't try and make everything neat a logical when it comes to the calendar. I think of Candlemas as an "echo" of Christmas that pops up after the season has ended (which may occur at Epiphany or at the Baptism--who really knows?).

    The liturgical reforms of Pope Fritz would probably include putting Epiphany back on the 6th and making the following Sunday "Theophany Sunday"--i.e. a commemoration of the Magi/Baptism/Cana--or something like that (that's more or less what it is in the Office already). Oh, while I'm at it, I'd also move Holy Family--which is a modern innovation and the occasion for some of the worst, most sentimental preaching ever--to December 30 so we could recover the Sunday after Christmas and have the Prologue to John as the Gospel. Would this be better than what we have now? Of course, since it would reflect my preferences.
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  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    The reason I am aware of this is because my paternal ancestry is Germanic Catholic. St Nicholas brought the creche and the tree on the night of Christmas Eve after any younger children were sent to bed: IOW, Christmastide in the domestic church actually began on Christmas! We kept our tree and creche up well into January, usually for ~ a month, past the "Little Christmas" celebrated by families dominated by British Isles ancestry*; the only other families I knew to do this were southern German/Austrian-Americans. But it wasn't "Christmastide" in any proper liturgical sense, and no one thought it was - when you could see purple vestments by later in January, there was no way anyone was thinking "hey, isn't it great it's still Christmastide!" (None of our families was singing Compline at home before going to bed, so the Marian antiphon issue was completely out of our awareness.)

    Btw, I love the feast of the Presentation. I hope many parishes offer the most solemn form of procession this coming Sunday, 2 February.

    * My maternal ancestry is Irish & Polish. It's from my maternal grandmother that I learned the purpose of the Irish practice of putting candles in windows, and also keeping a pot of hot food on the stove and the front door visibly ajar on the night Christmas Eve. The purpose was hospitality to the potential mystery stranger who might call that night: the candle (placed by the family in a small, window-sill-sized, log chosen, fashioned, and decorated by the children of the cottage on Christmas Eve morning while they were fasting) was a sign that such a stranger would be welcomed to hospitality (hot food) should he grace the cottage with his presence. My late mother, her daughter, kept the (electric) window candle(s) on that night, and kept the front door ajar with hot food on the stove (as my parents busily set up the tree and creche and set out gifts and stockings) until the early 1970s, when burglaries became more of thing on that night of the year. Which raises the question: how many of us who put candles in our windows each December would welcome a stranger who knocked on our doors on the night of Christmas Eve?
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,142
    Deacon Fritz

    Currently, liturgical Christmastide concludes with second vespers of the Baptism of the Lord. It's much tidier than it used to be.

    My personal preferences, btw, happen to align with yours (though I would also like to strengthen the overtly Trinitarian character of the celebration of the Baptism of the Lord), but over the years I've come to sense that Christmastide is now just best left alone for at least a century.
  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,434
    I discovered recently that Fontgombault has Holy Family (and Clear Creek does as a result) in the modern place. The Milanese kick it out to the last Sunday of January. They do not have the Holy Name at all there. They also keep the Comites on Sunday and the Circumcision on Jan 1. Fontgombault uses the Marian Mass with the old office on that day.

    I’m not saying to emulate Fontgombault here. It’s just interesting.