Responsorial psalm: origin, purpose, propriety, merit
  • MJO, I see your point now. I was talking about contrasting existing musical forms and you are talking about forms that have yet to exist. I understand your dream now, and while I don't share it I'm not strictly against it.

    Clemens, I had a very similar personal experience as you did. And agreed, I still use the RP when desired by the celebrant.

    Charles, what a silly idea that the sacred art given in the Gradual is for the singer. That's like saying the finest stained glass is for its designer or that the splendor of wall-to-wall icons are for the icon writers.
  • Tomjaw, I think your questions are excellent and worthy of their own thread.
  • melofluentmelofluent
    Posts: 4,160
    This idea of a Reform of the Reform, has quite a few problems. 1. Has the R.P. been a success? in the average parish? what is the view of the average pew sitter? or even Bishop? 2. The AVERAGE N.O. parish has no idea of the Solemn Sung Mass. 3. A vocal minority in many parishes does not want a Solemn Sung Mass 4. Many of the people involved in the choir of the average parish lack the skills in singing better quality music. 5. The R.P. are not universal, there are multiple translations, and multiple settings. 6. Every parish seems to have it's own way of doing things.

    Indeed, let's do be honest. But in order to do so, we ought to qualify from what perspective do we speak. I'm convinced, reinforced by the mistaken-notion of retorts often found in threads such as this, that many critiques and castigations are thrown about via some measure of global, unverifiable presumptions. Even the venerable MACW attests to the gist of my earlier contention, though her proclivities are also well-documented. Has the RP been a success, in the average parish (as well as presumably major cathedrals/basilicas?) Well, what criteria determines that success? If I say that the drivel (from Gelineau to Deiss to Alstott to Guimont) has faired extremely well in the four decades of my tenures, and in point of fact congregations take up those antiphons quite audibily and aren't snoring when the Psalmist renders the verses...and.....I've seen this live elsewhere, videocast from St. Peter's (with generally stunning Italian tenor seminarians as the Psalmist) repeatedly, does that indicate its success? If I likewise cite poor execution from BIC under previous directorship by a noted composer's wife as Psalmist, or a whispy-voiced folk singing soprano at St. Normal's, does that truly indicate dysfunction in the form of the RP itself? How is it that even at funerals and weddings replete with disparate congregations, it is not difficult at all to engage the singing of the RP? And what about bishops? What determines their intentionality regarding FCAP in episcopal Masses? Does anyone here actually think at this precise moment in this era that outside of a handful of liturgically interested bishops, the "average" bishop will risk capital by having a gradual or melismatic alleluia verse canted (and in what language? as they seem, to me, to be very inclined towards politically correct polyglot inclusivity?)
    Am I incorrect that inserting the issue of a parish Solemn High Mass (which technically exists only in the EF,) which I take to mean more of what Mahrt calls the "Paradigmatic" Mass (see Jernberg, Paul-Mass of St. Philip Neri) bears little relevance to the thread discussion? However, I do concede and can vociferously attest to more than two decades worth of effort trying to persuade clerics, pastors and yes, bishops, that if they would reorient their own attitudes and actions towards that paradigm of which Mahrt evangelizes as well as Dr. Ford of Camarillo, and make the center of parish life begin and end at "WHAT HAPPENS AT THE ALTAR and AMBO," then ancillary issues addressed by pastors such as Mark White and his program "Rebuilt" would be more fully mitigated.
    But, if we are being honest.....unless you have a pastor like Jeff Keyes, a bishop like Salvatore Cordileone or (you take the point, yes?)-- a musician, or even a constituency of liturgically adept and informed parishioners will, at best be trying to push the sitting donkey to rise and carry the Divine Liturgy into the New Jerusalem.
    All of this quibbling and babble over "aspects" of the liturgy are not unlike treating symptoms, not the disease as often done in doctor offices everywhere. There's no Z-Pack that can transform intentionality on the part of worshippers, lay and cleric, at any "real" or "conceptual" level.
  • Good points all, though in my decade of experience playing weddings and funerals I've yet to hear a congregation sing the RP. YMMV.
  • melofluentmelofluent
    Posts: 4,160
    CR, I have. But I have also heard many where only my voice or that of the Psalmist is heard.
    Which neither confirms nor disarms the argument for/against "success."
  • ghmus7
    Posts: 1,483
    Well, I have to agree with Melo that if written well, sung well, performed well the RP can be quite sucessful even in simple form. Speaking of "participation", it is perhaps the more sucessfull part of the N.O.
    Thanked by 1Ioannes Andreades
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 11,980
    I am all for good responsorial psalm settings, and think the ones I am using have steadily improved over time. Does every parish do that? No, and they probably wont.

    Something that always surfaces on this forum is someone telling us how we can get back to the EF, or that should be our goal or ideal. It isn't. The Latin Mass, or EF, badly needed reforming centuries before it actually was reformed. Perhaps if that had been done, the extremes resulting from the seventies update would not have happened. The reform could have been done in a much more orderly and logical fashion.

    Graduals are lovely pieces of music, but I haven't found them relevant to the current rite or form. I am also not willing to stand on my head and do contortions to try and make them fit. And again, the EF is not my ideal or goal and I am glad to not use it. That doesn't make the OF perfect. It is far from it and still needs some work.
    Thanked by 1jchthys
  • tomjaw
    Posts: 2,782
    I really should point out (again) that I live in E.F. land! I have not attended a N.O. Mass for 15 to 20 years (almost all my adult life). I do see parts of the N.O. at least once a our E.F. is sandwiched between 2 N.O. Masses on Sunday morning.

    @MACW I will think of setting up a new thread that perhaps could have a wider remit than just the R.P. I suspect it may turn into one of those E.F. vs N.O. threads. Meanwhile I will try to limit my posts here to the R.P.

    @melofluent Having been watching the posts on this thread, I thought the best way of moving forward the discussion was to ask some questions... I do not have the answers and really I do not have a horse in this race, the RP is not a problem in the E.F.

    From the posts above and from my limited experience, there does seem to be problems with the R.P. and the N.O. in general. If we you are to solve these problems we need 1. To find them, 2. to discuss them and 3. to come up with a solution that will work in MOST / average parishes.

    Well, what criteria determines that success?
    Good question, I could suggest criteria, but I do not think it is suitable for me looking in to do so. Perhaps others that actually hear and/ or sing the R.P. on a regular basis could suggest some?

    it is not difficult at all to engage the singing of the RP? And what about bishops? What determines their intentionality regarding FCAP in episcopal Masses? Does anyone here actually think at this precise moment in this era that outside of a handful of liturgically interested bishops


    Why do I or the average pew sitter want to engage in the singing? Is it relevant (meaningful) to me? Is the melody / cantor cringeworthy? N.B. A growing number of our bishops here in the U.K. are becoming a bit more liturgically interested, will it catch on elsewhere?

    Am I incorrect that inserting the issue of a parish Solemn High Mass...

    From my experience the average N.O. is not sung! On Sundays / Feasts we may have a few songs / hymns as part of Mass perhaps parts of the Ordinary will be sung. Certain places here will always have sung Ordinaries... perhaps Propers and sometimes Readings. As far as I understand the N.O. SHOULD have a form of sung Mass similar to the E.F. that is what I was referring to.

    @CharlesW
    I am all for good responsorial psalm settings, and think the ones I am using have steadily improved over time. Does every parish do that? No, and they probably wont.

    If each Parish is doing their own thing, if each language group has their own Mass in their native language? How does this effect our position as part of the One Catholic Church.

    How do we come together as a Parish, Diocese, County, State, Country, let alone internationally and participate in the Liturgy?

    Islands of excellence in a sea / ocean of the average or worse, where is this going? How many islands do we need to make a difference? How do we have unity? How can we draw in converts?

    P.S. I will not be drawn on the E.F vs. N.O. debate.
    Thanked by 1melofluent
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 11,980
    Staying out of the EF/OF debate, I find that when EF proponents talk about unity, what they really mean is uniformity. Not the same thing.

    As for each parish doing their own thing, yes that is true to some degree. Psalm compositions can range from poor to well-composed. I try to chose the ones that are better. There are some good psalms available, including Chabanel and some Guimont compositions.

    What makes you think EF parishes were always so great? I am old enough to remember how bland and generally awful the music was in many of them. Most parishes never rivaled the great cathedrals in music excellence, and they still don't.
  • Richard MixRichard Mix
    Posts: 2,799
    ...many who can't seem to accept the reality that English chant can be as spiritually gorgeous as is Latin chant.
    That might be a straw man. For the sake of comparing apples and pears, I would always take Bruce Ford's American Gradual Graduals over a solo RP, whatever baby steps are taken toward making the verses more elaborate. The RP's raison d'être would seem to be to jar the pew sitters out of contemplation and into an active role, but it stops in this respect quite a bit short of Lutheran responsive psalmody and has called into being specialists that Mr Caruso would in almost all cases be a decided improvement upon. If solo cantors we must have, let them at least aspire to a certain professional standard.

    That reminds me to get ready for the proclamation of the date of Easter.
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 11,980
    Charles, what a silly idea that the sacred art given in the Gradual is for the singer. That's like saying the finest stained glass is for its designer or that the splendor of wall-to-wall icons are for the icon writers.


    At some time, much in the liturgy of Trent became about the technicians and the people were frozen out. That was a significant reason behind liturgical reform. Granted, the reform went off track and didn't accomplish what it could have, but that is another matter. Consequently, the technicians gathered each week, performed lovely music for God, so they say, and did little to involve the people. What's wrong with this picture? There has to be a happy medium somewhere in the middle that is beautiful, reverent, and in which the people actually participate - no, just being there is not participation as some wrongly believe.
    Thanked by 1M. Jackson Osborn
  • It seems that the RP has two main purposes: edify the congregation by having them hear a passage of scripture, and involve the congregation by having them say a refrain. In my experience, these goals are best met by reciting rather than singing the RP. At this point in the mass, music is less of a help and more of an obstacle to participation and intelligibility.
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 11,980
    What I find, as an easterner, is that when I attend Divine Liturgy, the congregation owns that liturgy. It is theirs, they take pride in it, and willingly involve themselves in all aspects of it. On the other hand, when I play and conduct for the four Sunday morning masses at the RC parish, I often have a room full of spectators. There is one EF mass, but they are rather clannish and isolate themselves from the rest of the parish. I don't involve myself in the EF mass in any way.

    I see that many of the forms from the older rite don't seem to mesh or fit with the current rite. I also don't see much way of making them fit. It would be a forced fit that few would be happy with, including the people in charge. Graduals, tracts, even at some points in the mass, propers don't incorporate well with the rite - shoulda and MS says being beside the point. The force of any document is only as good as the people willing to follow it.

    So, how to create that sense of ownership, true participation - not just showing up - and the "buy-in" to the liturgy that would put life and relevance into it? There's the rub!
    Thanked by 1jchthys
  • I think that Graduals, Tracts, etc. do mesh/fit with the OF, but mostly when the lessons and orations are chanted.

    The difference, I feel, between Eastern and Western rites lies in how the mysteries are veiled. The East is replete with congregational singing because the iconostasis and all the incense veil the mysteries from sight (obviously not completely), not sound. The West tended towards veiling from sound, thus the Little Canon, Secret, and Canon were whispered, though not (entirely) hidden from view. This trend in the West was already becoming standard by Ordo Romanus II from the eighth century.

    The people can own their western liturgy just as well if they sang the responses and the ordinary. While I prefer the propers from the GR, I think, if one wanted the people to own the liturgy through propers, those from the GS work wonderfully well. When combined with chanted responses and ordinary, the people really sing their hearts out, at least in my short experience with it.

    Ultimately, the "buy-in" comes from good catchesis and truly understanding what's occurring at the altar.
  • CHGiffenCHGiffen
    Posts: 5,193
    I think that Graduals, Tracts, etc. do mesh/fit with the OF, but mostly when the lessons and orations are chanted.
    This. And the same for (sung) Responsorial Psalmody.
  • Lots of good commentary all around. Too much for me to account for here. But FWIW:

    I actually quite like some of the Gelineau tones, e.g., Psalm 122. I suspect most folks here who deride these have heard them done more “metrically” than the free-rhythm-within-the-bar allows, which IMO is much more appealing aesthetically. And, of course, some of the responses are less-than-awesome, but others (again, Psalm 122) are quite nice.

    The introduction to the Lectionary is quite clear on the preference for the RP to be led from the ambo; hence, I question the logistical prudence of trying to compose anything for the form that would be much more elaborate than, say, what Jackson posted from Fr. Kelly. Certainly if it is to be accompanied, the options seem limited.

    But, for the sake of argument, let’s assume that it is reasonable to compose “intricate” responsorial psalms. Presumably these will still be led from the ambo; ergo, they will require a trained singer who not only has good vocal technique but also can learn music quickly. (Sadly, these often do NOT intersect!) It’s quite a substantial musical need to impose on a liturgy that otherwise works quite well with just a congregation and priest, ideally also a choir. What is that cantor to do for the rest of the Mass, for which there is already ample music composed that has very little of interest to offer a trained solo singer?
    Thanked by 2CHGiffen CharlesW
  • ghmus7
    Posts: 1,483
    More .02 fwiw. Where I am, the RS is sung every day 7 days a week. On sundays, since there are so many settings, I use mix of chabanel,gel., guillmont. Am looking into the gradual re as MJO has shown. For weekdays
    i have composed simple responses (sort of in the Proulx/gelenau mold)
    AND the verses are set to one of the five mundelien psalm tones. All the cantors know these tones by heart and so rehearsal time is shortened.
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 11,980

    The difference, I feel, between Eastern and Western rites lies in how the mysteries are veiled


    Perhaps, but more likely because of the creeping clericalism that overtook the west.

    I think that Graduals, Tracts, etc. do mesh/fit with the OF, but mostly when the lessons and orations are chanted.


    I don't think they do. The readings have changed and expanded greatly since then. I am not in favor of rewriting the liturgy for the sake of graduals. That would be the cart before the horse.

    I actually quite like some of the Gelineau tones...


    I do, too.
  • Charles, I sometimes wonder if you consider your more polemical statements before you write them.
    Shutting out the people?
    Creeping clericalism?
    And this from someone who defends a sacred liturgy which uses the iconostasis, where the people really are physically shut out, and where only clerics are allowed.
    At least, that would be a worldly and modernistic way of looking at it. And it would be missing the point. As are you when you belittle our western traditions.

    Thanked by 1gregp
  • CR, you nailed it-

    The people can own their western liturgy just as well if they sang the responses and the ordinary.
    Thanked by 1CHGiffen
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 11,980
    Would never belittle your western traditions. They were great, when most of you followed them.

    Iconostasis: In some churches. All eastern churches do not have the sealed off altar area like the Russian church. Some are much more open with not much more of a barrier than a medieval rood screen would present. Interestingly, the original St. Peter's had a walled off altar area, according to Gamber. The altar was considered the Holy of Holies just like the Jewish temple in Jerusalem.

    Clericalism: Yep, it's bad. Despite decrees from the emperor prohibiting the silent canon, those clerics took it on themselves to do it their way. Go figure.

    Shutting out people: Music in the west generally became too complicated for congregations to sing, particularly the more melismatic and ornate music. Effectively, it did shut out participation by the people.

    Participation: Numerous popes have called for increased congregational participation, including Pius X. For whatever reasons, it hasn't caught on.
  • The readings have changed and expanded greatly since then.

    True, but often the graduals/tracts still seem, to me at least, to fit well with the revised scheme. I think, though, as I said, it's harder to see without singing all the propers from the GR. Our schola only uses the full GR propers on the greatest solemnities. We have fully sung liturgies and everything flows and meshes perfectly. All other feasts we use the GS, including the RP (which I'm not opposed to, though I prefer the gradual for its antiquity and meditative quality).
    Thanked by 1jchthys
  • CharlesW
    Posts: 11,980
    Oh, it could definitely work better if those in authority could tie it all together and publish something as a guide.
  • I couldn't have said it better, Charles.
  • Richard MixRichard Mix
    Posts: 2,799
    the Lectionary is quite clear on the preference for the RP to be led from the ambo
    "The psalm should be sung if at all possible" expresses a preference. "From the ambo or another suitable place" is more like a hint to those who may not have given the matter any thought.
  • The responsorial psalm is a reading. From where else would it be read than from where readings are read? Unless, as is permitted, the Vv are sung chorally, in which case, it would seem obvious that they are sung in choir, wherever 'in choir' is in one's particular church.
    Thanked by 2CharlesW CHGiffen
  • Which, um, raises another question - if the psalm's vv. are sung by the choir, um, do all the choir members raise their hands high over their heads and do that little pirouette when it's time for the congregation to sing the responsory? Or maybe, um, just several appointed ones?
    Thanked by 1CharlesW
  • melofluentmelofluent
    Posts: 4,160
    The Book of Psalms (Hebrew: םי ִלּ ִה ְתּ or תהילים Tehillim meaning "Praises"), commonly referred to simply as Psalms or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third section of the Hebrew Bible. [1] The English title is from the Greek translation, ψαλμοί psalmoi, meaning "instrumental music" and, by extension, "the words accompanying the music." [2]

    Etymology is fickle, to be sure. In this case, we are charged with deliberating the very nature of psalmody and its corporate delivery and exhibition. In any case and to be brief, "Psalms," like chant itself, seem to be an ineffible yet undeniable communion of God's Word and a Godly art. To semantically manipulate "Psalms" into a regime to bolster an argument presents as unseemly to me, if no one else. This augurs towards let a thousand flowers bloom, rather than one ideal rose.