Are vernacular hymns ever permitted at an EF Missa Cantata?
  • Apologies if this has come up here before. I am NOT asking about vernacular hymns at a Low Mass; it's obvious they can be used (if suitable in text). I'm wondering about whether any permission was ever given for the use of vernacular hymns or motets at a High Mass.

    The reason I'm asking is that a student of mine recently claimed that his FSSP parish in California regularly uses vernacular pieces at their High Masses, and this struck me as contrary to everything I remembered reading (not only in the magisterial documents but also in B. Andrew Mill's excellent summary Psallite Sapienter). But rather than quash what he said, I told him I'd look into it...

    Help, anyone?
  • Aga
    Posts: 38
    You can find in the instruction from 1958 entitled "Musica Sacra et Sacra Liturgia" the following point (here it is in English):

    14. a) In sung Masses only Latin is to be used. This applies not only to the celebrant, and his ministers, but also to the choir or congregation.
    "However, popular vernacular hymns may be sung at the solemn Eucharistic Sacrifice (sung Masses), after the liturgical texts have been sung in Latin, in those places where such a centenary or immemorial custom has obtained. Local ordinaries may permit the continuation of this custom 'if they judge that it cannot prudently be discontinued because of the circumstances of the locality or the people' (cf. canon 5)" (Musicæ sacræ disciplina: AAS 48 [1956] 16-17).

    In my church quite often after singing Offertory and Communion Antiphons we add some fitting vernacular hymns during celebrations of the EF Masses. Elder people say that before the liturgical reform (in fifties) this custom was quite usual in Poland.
  • Your student is probably talking about hymns at the processional and recessional. Before or during the prayers at the foot of the altar and then again after the Last Gospel, hymns are most likely sung. This is pretty standard.
  • In our diocese, this instruction has been interpreted to mean that, because there are no celebrations of the EF which have celebrated a 'centenary' in unbroken succession, nor an 'immemorial custom', we do not sing vernacular works of any sort between the Asperges/Prayers at the Foot of the Altar and the Last Gospel. However, we do sing vernacular hymns for the entrance procession (i.e., before the Asperges) and for the recessional as both of these are technically 'outside' of Mass. I appreciate this common-sense and obedient interpretation.

    I am just old enough to remember the EF from my childhood, but not old enough to remember details such as whether or not the ethnic parishes of Philadelphia in which we had extended family sang in the vernacular or not and when exactly that might have occurred.
  • rogue63
    Posts: 410
    The Latin Mass community in Wichita, KS, is at St. Anthony's downtown, a historically German parish. I sang in the choir there for one year, and the director----a well-trained septuagenarian---programmed with some regularity a few old goodies like "Soul of my Savior" by Dubois at the weekly High Mass. He was less than rubrically precise, so I don't know if the practice was based on sond liturgical principles, although I would trust his historical sensibilities for the parish, since he grew up there.

    It probably depends on the ethnicity of the parish-----Germans, Czechs and Poles tended to sing more, Irish and French less.
  • The "latin only" clause is one that traditionally has never been followed, and not just in the last 100 years, especially by certain national groups, but also by ordinary parishes here in the US. In regards rubrics, it is certainly low on the list those which belong to a 'hierarchy of assent', and this is evidenced by even the SSPX in France and elsewhere. At St Stephen the First Martyr, Sacramento, CA, which is most certainly the parish in question, we use english regularly, generally at communion. We do not use hymns except at the end of the High Mass and occasionally for the procession at the beginning of Mass before the Asperges. The english we use during the Mass would fall into the category of "motets/anthems"- so that pieces like "Verily, Verily I Say unto You" and "If Ye Love Me" belong to our repertoire along with latin repertoire of every age. It was reasoned by one of our more rubrically minded priests of the Fraternity of St Peter, the man who founded St STephen's and now the Superior General of the FSSP, that the traditional way of looking at communion of the faithful is that it is not technically part of the Mass (hence the traditional 2nd confiteor), and therefore would not fall under the latin only clause. For me however, it has always been enough to look at the practice both in this country and abroad, especially of those groups that have used the EF continuously. A parish situation it is different than a chaplaincy at a college or university perhaps, but in a parish that uses exclusively the Extraordinary Form, it is important to avoid the "museum like" quality of the EF that is so easily brought about by singing nothing but 16th century polyphony for example. At St Stephen's, Lauridsen, Poulenc, Howells, Britten and others in latin and english (or french or german for that matter) find a comfortable home along the likes of Victoria, Palestrina, Byrd, Machaut and Mouton. We have found a happy balance at St Stephen's which might not suit everyone, but seems to suit us quite well.
  • It's my understanding that ossian1898 and Jeffrey Morse are correct here.

    Many EF communities have trouble with these issues because they are in effect trying to re-generate a culture by reading documents. This creates many problems.
  • [quote]It was reasoned by one of our more rubrically minded priests of the Fraternity of St Peter, the man who founded St STephen's and now the Superior General of the FSSP, that the traditional way of looking at communion of the faithful is that it is not technically part of the Mass (hence the traditional 2nd confiteor), and therefore would not fall under the latin only clause.[/quote]

    An FSSP priest I work with related this interpretation to me recently. And while I don't share Jeffrey Tucker's exact opinion on this, I don't think it would pastorally wise to sing English Motets during a sung mass for a well established community.

    My experience is that most TLM community folks are more open to things than is generally thought. It is the vocal minority that gets all the attention. It is not helpful to stereotype an entire group of people as trying to regenerate a culture by reading documents. Most TLM folks are just trying to raise their children in a genuinely Catholic environment and that is the best place to do it.

    There is also a lot of confusion as to what the rules are and people are doing their best. I think a modern TLM music rule list from Rome would be helpful rather than trying to dig through 50 or 100 year old documents and making up rules as go along.
  • Fair enough. Personal experience counts for so much in these cases. My heart is extremely sympathetic to EF communities.
  • dad29
    Posts: 2,217
    The "latin only" clause is one that traditionally has never been followed, and not just in the last 100 years, especially by certain national groups, but also by ordinary parishes here in the US.

    *Cough*

    It was followed in every Parish in Milwaukee--at least those which paid attention to the local Ordinary's music/liturgy master, Rev. Elmer Pfeil. And that was most parishes.

    YMMV, of course.
  • Aga
    Posts: 38
    I think a modern TLM music rule list from Rome would be helpful rather than trying to dig through 50 or 100 year old documents and making up rules as go along.


    This ideal solution does not work simply because we do not have such modern regulations concerning music in the EF Masses (except one response of the "Ecclesia Dei" commission). So, there is no other way as using the most contemporary documents on this subject (e.g. "Musica Sacra et Sacra Liturgia"). Of course, we should use them with prudence, however without them too much could depend on the whim of some person. It does not mean that the EF celebration must be some kind of a museum exhibit. Pre-conciliar regulations about music are quite flexible, so taking into account the sensitivity of a local community, musical perfection and common sense we can use them without major problems.

    BTW, I think that with such rubrics about communion of the faithful as given in Missale Romanum 1962 (compare Ritus Servandus, X, 6) the suggestion that "it is not technically part of the Mass" is rather an extravagant opinion.
  • Adam WoodAdam Wood
    Posts: 6,451
    the suggestion that "it is not technically part of the Mass" is rather an extravagant opinion.

    Lawyers would use the word "extraordinary."
    They mean it differently than we do.
  • I must be older than Patricia Cecilia because I am old enough to remember the details. I must say first that all of my experiences were in five German parishes in the midwest.

    No vernacular hymns were ever sung before, after, or during Missa Lecta (of which there were very few), Missa Cantata (without incense - which made up most of the Masses), or High Mass (Priest, Deacon, Subdeacon -Sunday in those parishes with 3 or more priests).
  • Thanks, everyone, for the interesting comments.

    It does seem appropriate to allow local custom to have some influence, but as we know, custom has been a source of many evils, as well -- evils that the Liturgical Movement was trying, in its better days, to overcome. Moreover, it is all too easy to fall into an almost Protestant "pick and choose" attitude about church documents that were intended to provide clear guidelines for liturgical praxis. I admit that sometimes the documents do not always seem to harmonize perfectly and the chaos of the past fifty years has left many people scratching their heads about how to move forward with the EF, but still, the Vatican does not issue regulations just for fun; they are meant to be implemented with tranquil acquiescence. A sane and sincere adherence to rubrics and norms is the baseline for all Catholics.

    While I would not reject the singing of English hymns or motets in principle, it is not at all clear to me that the still-valid regulations for the EF can be understood to permit vernacular music during a High Mass (i.e., once it has begun and prior to its completion). The opinion of the FSSP priest on the communion of the faithful sounds like a bit of a stretch, but only the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, or perhaps the CDWDS would be able to clarify that point officially. And, in keeping with what I've said, if the clarification was in favor of vernacular pieces, then I would certainly accept that position!

    Anyway, thank you all for your input.
  • It's also worth pointing out that the 2nd Confiteor was abolished by the time of the 1962 Missale Romanum, which seems to underline the argument that the communion of the faithful was, at least by that time, finally being understood to be part of the celebration of the Mass, and not an optional add-on. Hence, the argument of Fr. Berg falls apart completely, and the restriction on the vernacular at High Mass remains unambiguously clear. And in the wake of the devastation of the liturgy in the 1970s, there are few churches anywhere in the world that can boast of a centenary of uninterrupted celebrations of the E.F., which closes up the other loophole.