Tips for candlelit liturgy
  • For anyone who has pulled this off (or who hasn't but has thought about it), say for a Rorate Mass or Tenebrae service, what can you tell the rest of us about successfully pulling it off?

    I have been disappointed with the lesser dramatic effect of merely dimming electrical lights, and want to try to go full-bore at the next opportunity.

    Did you have to convince the priest, and if so how did you do it? Did you have any special tricks or tools for singers or celebrants, who may have their hands full and need an adequate and worry-free light source? Any organization or supply tips? Was it all worth it?
  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,728
    Unfortunately I don’t think that it’s possible for Tenebrae. I tried it. My eyes couldn’t see anything, and we were doing it in the morning, so the light was coming in, but it was so dark I couldn’t read anything during Lauds. If everyone has the full office memorized, great, but that’s not realistic.

    The priest at the altar has enough candles and such that it usually works out for the Rorate Mass, since he ought not to need to read anything for large portions (hopefully he has the Mass memorized well enough to do so).

    The trick for the schola is that you need to place candles under and not just to the side of the stand in order to avoid too many shadows (the priest could do this too, but he probably can get away without it, and if you use the TLM, with altar cards, you can’t do this at the middle anyway).

    But I really abhor the schola using candles unless you put everything out such that they don’t need the book. It’s a disaster waiting to happen. Someone spills every time that we have candles, and they aren’t ever the ones who scrape off the wax. We now have book lights, and I’m not going to out trad Canon Huberfeld of the ICRSP in Wausau, Wisconsin, one of the most trad priests that I know. He allows book lights at Tenebrae, and that’s that for me.

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  • rvisser
    Posts: 62
    I used dimmable stand lights this year. We sing from the loft and the church was quite dark despite our stand lights.
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  • tomjaw
    Posts: 2,850
    At Tenebrae, we gradually kill the electric lights, leaving the ones in the porch on. Even with those on the church is almost pitch black as we do this in the late evening. We have started to give the choir 'in choir' small candles, that get put out during the Miserere, depending on how much has been memorised by the choir member.

    I saw one photo and it looked very good.
  • @rvisser For our Rorate Mass in Advent we also sang from the loft. I agree that electric light could be provided up there that wouldn't impact the congregation's experience. On the other hand, it seems much simpler to conduct everything by candlelight in that situation than at Tenebrae, when we're in the sanctuary and moving around as called for. But I think we would need candelabra in the loft? The constant difficulty appears to be having singers hold their own candles.
  • SponsaChristi
    Posts: 494
    Have sung at several rotate masses that were entirely candlelit. In the choir loft we just had small book lights.

    The congregation brought their own candles to hold and the priest delegated the lighting of the sanctuary to people competent in that.

    There will be a lot of melted wax cleanup.

    Also don’t recommend using candles in the choir loft as a light source. Had a girl try to use her Easter vigil candle as a light, ended up starting the cardboard drip holder on fire in the middle of singing a polyphonic Kyrie. The choir director tried to blow it out while directing, which didn’t work, and the girl panicked and threw the burning cardboard on the carpeted floor. The important thing is we didn’t miss a note.
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,257
    Holding lit candles (and no other light) *and music* while singing is unadulterated folly. As a congregant with a lit candle (and no other light), I would only sing dialogical responses and things I knew from heart; as a chorister, I'd do likewise. (Unfixed candelabra in a choir loft are a disaster waiting to happen; I'd be shocked that any organist would even conceive of risking the organ, let alone people!)
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  • We do tenebrae just with low electric lights, and the ceremonial candles in the sanctuary. We do Rorate and Christmas Midnight actually by candlelight. It is entirely possible to sing a candlelit only Mass, including in the choir loft, it is just more work and less convenient than electric lighting. I would not advocate for holding candles and music books at the same time, but either holding your book next to a candelabra (which shouldn't have to be "fixed" to anything if the singers are being responsible and conscious of the potential hazard) or holding a candle while reading from a music stand are both quite possible. I believe that if candles fall to the ground, they will not catch a wooden floor on fire, they will just make an unpleasant noise upon contact, extinguish themselves, and spill a great mess of melted wax. Depending on how you weigh the scales, this inconvenience and risk may be worthwhile for a truly candlelit Mass. We can achieve adequate lighting in our loft by using a few carefully positioned candelabrae; these have their candles sitting at about eye level, and most have seven candles (some five).
  • @Liam I agree it is a little too much to sing demanding music while holding a candle and sheet music (let alone my own position, would which have all that plus directing). But I want to steer clear of safety-ism as well. After all, Tenebrae intrinsically involves an unfixed candelabra in the sanctuary with people moving nearby, I've seen many a person at Easter vigil with a missal open and candle in hand, every mass has several unfixed lit candles next to flammable objects and things being moved around on the altar, and organs are not going to burst into flames the moment a spark hits them. So I persist in thinking there is a responsible way to do this.
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,257
    " if the singers are being responsible and conscious of the potential hazard"

    All it takes is an involuntary muscle spasm from one person, and fire from flame cannot always be safely controlled (with candles at eye level, flames in motion can end up touching hair, skin, and clothing, not to mention paper, in closely spaced choristers in a relatively compact space before the flames extinguish upon final impact). Count yourselves lucky if a risk has not yet given sad fruit; but it's better to plan for greater safety. That's not safetyism but just critical thinking rather than magical thinking. Failure to do that could be considered reckless enough, depending on the particular circumstances, that it amounts to gross negligence that an insurance company could use to deny coverage for liability claims.
  • I appreciate the note you're sounding as safety is something that would come up if/when I pursue the idea with the priest and others, and I ought to consider it more. You do almost make it sound as if we should not have any candles in church.
  • We found candelabras on very steady stands away from us in the center aisles but higher than us seated worked the best. We have dozens of them so it was easy to set them up in many places. That way no one needed to hold a candle, and you get a good light source thats concentrated.

    We also place some reflective metals underneath which help make more light.
  • Liam
    Posts: 5,257
    No, I am not against any candles in church; far from it. I am, however, talking about the very foreseeable risks of unfixed candelabra being toppled by choristers doing their work in close quarters: it's not the same as altar candles or a Tenebrae hearse away from people in the sanctuary, or even individual tapers in the pews for relatively shorter period of time (risk scales with duration). (Heck, fire marshals have been known to require votive candle stations - which aren't usually close to congregations but do involve flames living for extended periods of time until self-extinguished - to have automatic draining mechanisms into a fire-safe chamber below the station.) It's also different from English-style choir-stall glazed candlesticks - which manage to be lovely while offering a greater measure of safety.

    Oh, and are fire extinguishers immediately handy and do people know where they are and are there people designated to operate them?
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  • MatthewRoth
    Posts: 2,728
    (which shouldn't have to be "fixed" to anything if the singers are being responsible and conscious of the potential hazard)


    I am told by someone that I ought to trust (and I do, it's just annoying that this is the advice) that I have too-high expectations of adults. Or rather, I should have high standards but understand that people really don't always have them of themselves. So Liam's point stands. Never mind true accidents wherein someone does something involuntary.
  • Okay, I will propose very steady or anchored candelabra and will ascertain the extinguisher situation. Good tips.
    Thanked by 1Liam
  • davido
    Posts: 1,049
    We have found that candles cast more light when they are up above than when they are placed at eye level.

    Parker devices are work well to light individual singers’s music stands.
  • GambaGamba
    Posts: 586
    I concur with those who recommend candles above head level, whether this means candelabrae, spare altar candles, whatever. The ideal of course would be choir stalls or even movable choir desks such as Mark Nelson builds, with candleholders affixed. Lots of candles.

    But if desks are not an option, it also helps and economizes on candles if the singers can also arrange themselves very tightly, standing in a U and sharing the light, instead of in rows of chairs.

    It is also helpful and fairly easy nowadays to print the music really big. With Gregobase and the ability to open any chant in one of the editors, it’s as easy to have a chant in 36pt font as in 12pt. Likewise with CPDL many editors have uploaded the original engraving files or at least the MusicXML, so with a little work, any piece can be enlarged to be legible from the moon.

    And now there are iPads, which is a whole other degree of convenience, provided they are dimmed to the lowest possible setting, and Night Shift is turned on to make the blue-white light yellow. If they are on music stands or desks, it is hard to tell they are in use.

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  • @davido What is a parker device?
  • tomjaw
    Posts: 2,850
    I found the cardboard holders can grip the candle so well that the edge of the cardboard can be slipped into a Graduale, and will hold the candle at an ideal distance. We have regularly processed and sung at Candlemas with no problems.
  • emac3183
    Posts: 79
    The booklights that I have singers use in those situations have an "orange" setting to them which are close enough to candle light to avoid distracting the people.
  • @tomjaw @emac3183

    I'd be grateful if you could link to the products you're mentioning.
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  • tomjaw
    Posts: 2,850
    These are cardboard circles with a small hole in the middle, with small score lines so that a candle can be forced through and be held.
    https://stpauls.org.uk/box-of-200-drip-shields.html
    This may also be an idea,
    https://stpauls.org.uk/individual-reusable-plastic-drip-lantern-clear.html
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  • Thank you. I've used those before many times, but I thought you might have something different in mind. I like the simplicity of the idea of tucking it into the book, though without having tried it for myself it's hard to imagine it working as smoothly as you said. Not that I'm doubting you exactly.
  • tomjaw
    Posts: 2,850
    If the candle is the right size and the cardboard new, it works. But if it is not held by the cardboard tightly it will slip. You could use an elastic band around the candle then it won't slip.
    Also you will need a reasonable amount of book to hold it, although the processions are all in the centre so plenty of unused pages left to hold the cardboard. My Graduale has think boards as part of its binding so they help.
  • trentonjconn
    Posts: 706
    I have visions of singed and wax-covered Graduales dancing about in my head...
  • SponsaChristi
    Posts: 494
    I found the cardboard holders can grip the candle so well that the edge of the cardboard can be slipped into a Graduale, and will hold the candle at an ideal distance. We have regularly processed and sung at Candlemas with no problems


    This is what started the fire in our choir loft.

    One may also want to consult the insurance policy of the church...
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  • StimsonInRehabStimsonInRehab
    Posts: 1,943
    Our Advent Rorate Mass was close enough to dawn that it was possible for the choir to read their Libers once their eyes adjusted. Candelabrae were reserved for the main altar.

    Tenebrae was entirely candle-lit, save for some clip lights used by the polyphonic choir singing the Allegri at the end. (There was lighting in the doorway for people entering the church.) I agree with having candles being above eye level being much more effective. We had a makeshift 'hearse' on the NO altar, and the six lit on the main altar. I admit to being skeptical it would work but my schola director insisted, and I'm glad he did. It's amazing how the human eye can adapt to seeing.
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  • davido
    Posts: 1,049
    “Parker devices” are candle holders that Robert McCormick uses with his choirs in Philadelphia.
    https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1ECAcxd55u/?mibextid=wwXIfr

    You can see them in use in this video.
    https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1J1nZ2fCaD/?mibextid=wwXIfr

    I made my own this year. Bought a roll of half inch plastic tubing in the plumbing aisle at Lowe’s. Cut off a length and squeezed it into a large binder clip. I found that I could put the whole plastic candle holder into the tubing, which would also catch the dripping wax.
    I’ll post a pic if I can figure out how.
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  • davido
    Posts: 1,049
    Pic
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