The earliest document with the Phos Hilaron in the present version is the 11/12th c. Constantinopolitan Synaxarion; In its earlier primitive form, only slightly differing from today’s version, appears in the Codex Alexandrinus (5th c.); but it is indirectly referred to back in the 3rd century (see below).
St. Basil the Great (329-379 AD), therefore, most probably spoke of the singing of the Phos Hilaron as a cherished tradition of the church, a hymn already considered old in his day. Some people have attributed the composition of the hymn to St Basil himself, while others to Saint Athenogenes on his way to martyrdom. Athenogenes, a saint of unknown date, but commemorated on July 16, is believed by some to have been the author of the hymn, because St. Basil mentioned his martyrdom immediately after he mentioned the Phos Ilaron. ...
The Roman Martyrology states: "In Pontus, the birthday of Saint Athenogenes, [is celebrated. He was] an aged theologian, who, when about to consummate his martyrdom by fire, sang a hymn of joy, which he left in writing to his disciples."
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